5种药物对异育银鲫"中科3号"受精卵孵化的影响

在水温21~23℃,pH 6.2~6.5条件下,采用半静水试验法,按等对数间距设置药物质量浓度梯度,日换水50%,补充药物50%,24 h观察记录1次,比较美婷Ⅱ、霉灵、纳他霉素、杀毒矾和高锰酸钾5种药物对异育银鲫"中科3号"受精卵水霉抑制作用及孵化率的影响。试验结果显示,试验药物对受精卵水霉生长均有一定抑制作用,其抑霉率为美婷Ⅱ>霉灵>高锰酸钾、纳他霉素和杀毒矾,但杀毒矾对异育银鲫"中科3号"受精卵的毒副作用较大,显著降低了受精卵孵化率,不宜使用;美婷Ⅱ、霉灵、纳他霉素和高锰酸钾对异育银鲫"中科3号"受精卵的适宜使用质量浓度分别为4.90~6.50、1.97~3.87、1.50、2.50 mg/L,使用方法为长时间浸浴,可有效抑制受精卵孵化过程中水霉的生长,显著提高受精卵孵化率,适合在异育银鲫"中科3号"受精卵孵化过程中使用。     

菜豆A18-1 60Co-γ 射线诱变和突变体库的构建

分别用辐射剂量为0、50、100、150、200、250 Gy 的60Co-γ 射线处理菜豆品种A18-1 的成熟干种子，根据辐射剂量和种子的相对出苗率建立线性回归方程，研究60Co-γ 射线对菜豆的辐射诱变效应。结果表明，辐射处理的半致死剂量为126 Gy。用辐射剂量为126 Gy 的60Co-γ 射线处理A18-1 的干种子，对M2 进行田间表型筛选，共筛选到279 株突变株，占M2 诱变群体总数的1.83%。构建了包括叶、茎、花和育性、荚、生长习性和株型、黄化、熟期等性状变异类型的突变体，可为今后菜豆遗传改良和功能基因组学研究提供新的材料。     

红富士苹果不同化学疏花剂的疏除效果及成本分析

【目的】 研究对比不同化学疏花剂对红富士苹果花的疏除效果并分析成本,筛选出适宜阿克苏红富士苹果的化学疏花剂及浓度,为减少人工疏花成本、调控树体负载量、提升果品品质提供参考。【方法】 以初果期和盛果期红富士苹果新红1号为试材,在中心花75%~85%和全树70%~85%的花开放时期。喷施不同浓度的石硫合剂、乙烯利、甲酸钙、疏花剂,以人工疏果为对照,分析化学疏花剂的疏除效果及成本。【结果】 不同浓度的石硫合剂、乙烯利、甲酸钙、疏花剂,对初果期树和盛果期树的花均有疏除作用,疏除效果不同,与对照相互比较均有差异,成本相差较大。【结论】 通过花序坐果率、花朵坐果率、单果占比、空台率、疏除率综合比较,石硫合剂200倍液在初果期树的疏除效果与人工疏果效果最相近,成本为人工疏果的17.08%;石硫合剂150倍液在盛果期树上的疏除效果与人工最相近,成本为人工疏果的24.79%。化学疏花的成本与疏花剂的价格及树龄呈正相关。     

食品中阪崎克罗诺杆菌的药物敏感性及分子分型研究

克罗诺杆菌是一种革兰氏阴性菌，是配方粉中威胁婴幼儿健康的主要致病菌。近年来，乳制品及食品中常有克罗诺杆菌耐药株的报道，耐药株的出现给临床治疗带来巨大挑战。为探究PFGE型别与耐药表型之间的关联性，采用BD PhoenixTM-100全自动细菌鉴定及药敏系统对食品分离的68株阪崎克罗诺杆菌进行药敏检测，共选择19种抗生素，并采用PFGE对其进行分子分型。结果表明：4株阪崎克罗诺杆菌具有耐药性，耐药率为5.88%。其中，3株对头孢唑啉耐药，1株对四环素耐药。18株菌表现为中介，其中16株对头孢唑啉中介，2株对氯霉素中介。所有菌株对其余16种抗生素均敏感。68株阪崎克罗诺杆菌可分成58个PFGE带型，其中PT037、PT050、PT054、PT007、PT043及PT046带型分别含有4、3、3、2、2、2株菌，其余52个带型各含1株菌，带型较分散。3株头孢唑啉耐药菌株包含3个PFGE带型，18株中介菌株包含16个PFGE带型。检测的阪崎克罗诺杆菌食品分离株耐药率较低，未发现多重耐药菌株，且呈现出高度基因多态性，菌株PFGE带型与耐药性之间无明显相关性。     

高效固氮菌Ecl分子鉴定及其在铁尾矿基质下接种效果研究

以高效固氮菌属Ecl为研究对象,通过对Ecl进行分子鉴定及其在铁尾矿基质下紫花苜蓿上进行接种试验,对植株生长指标、土壤化学性质及土壤酶活性进行测定。结果表明,Ecl属于固氮菌属,16S rDNA PCR扩增产物片段大小为1 600 bp左右,其菌株可以促进紫花苜蓿植株的生长,提高土壤酶活性、土壤养分。被接种的紫花苜蓿植株生长状况均优于未接种的处理,其地下干质量、地上干质量、株高、侧根数、最长侧根长度、主根长度比未接种的植株分别增加91.02%、83.43%、74.08%、56.70%、46.77%、48.54%,表明接种高效固氮菌Ecl可以促进植株的生长。紫花苜蓿接种Ec1,其土壤酶活性与土壤养分均高于对照。接种Ecl的植株比未接种植株的蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶活性分别增加0.03 mg/(g·d)、3.95μg/(g·h)、1.50μg/(g·h);速效磷、速效钾、碱解氮含量分别增加57.83%、13.22%、29.48%。     

菜地土壤中纤维素降解菌的筛选及其产酶条件优化

利用传统的微生物学方法,从菜地土壤中筛选出高产纤维素酶的菌株,并对其产酶条件进行优化。结果表明,从4种菜地土壤中共分离获得16株纤维素降解菌,其中生菜地土壤中获得的菌株最多,白菜地土壤中获得的菌株最少;在16个菌株中,从油菜地中分离纯化的1个菌株具有最强的纤维素降解能力;对该菌株的产酶条件优化发现,以麸皮作为唯一碳源、培养温度35℃、培养时间96 h时酶活力最高。     

菜豆新品种品架1 号

品架1 号菜豆适宜旱地种植，产量高，
品质好，平均每667 m² 产量2 212.84 kg，
比对照泰国架豆王增产13.6%。     

有关《猪肉进出口的是是非非》的读后感

<正>猪业科学杂志2014年第12期除了刊载了很多包括国外企业在中国的发展,介绍PIC,拜耳、礼来动保在中国的发展以及睿保乐提出的智能化养猪的思路等文章,也包括国内研究机构做的《集约化猪场不同阶段仔猪猪瘟抗体水平检测与分析》、《黑猪产业发展的调查》,《哺乳期仔猪死亡的环境和生产管理因素分析》等技术性文章,为中国的养猪业提供了很好的借鉴,也创造了很好的探讨     

Variations in dark respiration and mitochondrial numbers within needles of Pinus radiata grown in ambient or elevated CO2 partial pressure

Within-leaf variations in cell size, mitochondrial numbers and dark respiration rates were compared in the most recently expanded tip, the mid-section and base of needles of Pinus radiata D. Don trees grown for 4 years in open-top chambers at ambient (36 Pa) or elevated (65 Pa) carbon dioxide partial pressure (p(CO2)a). Mitochondrial numbers and respiratory activity varied along the length of the needle, with the highest number of mitochondria per unit cytoplasm and the highest rate of respiration per unit leaf area at the base of the needle. Regardless of the location of the cells (tip, middle or basal sections), needles collected from trees grown in elevated p(CO2)a had nearly twice the number of mitochondria per unit cytoplasm as those grown in ambient p(CO2)a. This stimulation of mitochondrial density by growth at elevated p(CO2)a was greater at the tip of the needle (2.7 times more mitochondria than in needles grown in ambient CO2) than at the base of the needle (1.7 times). The mean size of individual mitochondria was unaffected either by growth at elevated p(CO2)a or by position along the needle. Tree growth at elevated p(CO2)a had a variable effect on respiration per unit leaf area, significantly increasing respiration in the tip of the needles (+25%) and decreasing respiration at the mid-section and base of the needles (-14% and -25%, respectively). Although a simple relationship between respiration per unit leaf area and mitochondrial number per unit cytoplasm was found within each CO2 treatment, the variable effect of growth at elevated p(CO2)a on respiration along the length of the needles indicates that a more complex relationship must determine the association between structure and function in these needles.     

Leaf respiration at different canopy positions in sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) grown in ambient and elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide in the field

Trees exposed to elevated CO2 partial pressure ([CO2]) generally show increased rates of photosynthesis and growth, but effects on leaf respiration are more variable. The causes of this variable response are unresolved. We grew 12-year-old sweetgum trees (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) in a Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) facility in ambient [CO2] (37/44 Pa daytime/nighttime) and elevated [CO2] (57/65 Pa daytime/nighttime) in native soil at Oak Ridge National Environmental Research Park. Nighttime respiration (R(N)) was measured on leaves in the upper and lower canopy in the second (1999) and third (2000) growing seasons of CO2 fumigation. Leaf respiration in the light (R(L)) was estimated by the technique of Brooks and Farquhar (1985) in the upper canopy during the third growing season. There were no significant short-term effects of elevated [CO2] on R(N) or long-term effects on R(N) or R(L), when expressed on an area, mass or nitrogen (N) basis. Upper-canopy leaves had 54% higher R(N) (area basis) than lower-canopy leaves, but this relationship was unaffected by CO2 growth treatment. In August 2000, R(L) was about 40% of R(N) in the upper canopy. Elevated [CO(2)] significantly increased the number of leaf mitochondria (62%), leaf mass per unit area (LMA; 9%), and leaf starch (31%) compared with leaves in ambient [CO(2)]. Upper-canopy leaves had a significantly higher number of mitochondria (73%), N (53%), LMA (38%), sugar (117%) and starch (23%) than lower-canopy leaves. Growth in elevated [CO2] did not affect the relationships (i.e., intercept and slope) between R(N) and the measured leaf characteristics. Although no factor explained more than 45% of the variation in R(N), leaf N and LMA were the best predictors for R(N). Therefore, the response of RN to CO2 treatment and canopy position was largely dependent on the magnitude of the effect of elevated [CO2] or canopy position on these characteristics. Because elevated [CO2] had little or no effect on N or LMA, there was no effect on R(N). Canopy position had large effects on these leaf characteristics, however, such that upper-canopy leaves exhibited higher R(N) than lower-canopy leaves. We conclude that elevated [CO2] does not directly impact leaf respiration in sweetgum and that barring changes in leaf nitrogen or leaf chemical composition, long-term effects of elevated [CO2] on respiration in this species will be minimal.